元代水浒戏对梁山聚义的“祛盗化”和“祛奴化”

Removal of a Notorious Fame of being Robber and Slave from Liangshan Assembling in Shuihu Drama in Yuan Dynasty

本文认为,元代水浒戏做了两件极有意义的大事——对梁山聚义"祛奴化"和"祛盗化"。它祛除了宋及元初资料中本有的梁山好汉对朝廷"犹循轨辙"的忠心,其宗旨"替天行道"不讲对皇帝之"忠",只讲救助百姓之"义",赋予被称作"盗"、"贼"的梁山政治势力以崇高的正义性和从未祈求招安的自尊和独立精神。其中的《李逵负荆》努力淡化梁山人物身上的"强盗"特性,把梁山描绘成安宁祥和、秀美和谐的清平世界;将梁山好汉说成是道义至上、严于律己的英雄和集体的包公;其"祛盗化"与明清水浒戏和《水浒传》的"祛盗化"不同,它含有建立一个超越现存制度的理想社会的朦胧期望。

In historical literature of Song and early Yuan dynasty, it recorded that Liangshan bawcock were loyal to emperor which later transforming into a pure righteousness to helping common people. This endowed Liangshan political force ever - called ＂ robbers＂ and ＂ thieves＂ with a sublime righteousness and a proud and independent spirit. Drama ＂ Li Kui Asking for Forgiveness＂ mentions lightly the robber characteristics of Liangshan figures who become a group of Baoqingtians, and describes Liangshan as a serene and harmonious fairyland. Its robber - dispelling differs a lot from that of ＂ Outlaws of the Marsh＂ and Shuihu drama in Qing dynasty, since there is an obscure expect of establishing an ideal society transcending the existing system.