胆道支架置入联合γ刀治疗复杂型肝门部胆管癌的临床分析

Clinical analysis of biliary stent placement combined with gamma-knife for the treatment of complex hilar cholangiocarcinoma

目的评价胆道支架置入联合γ刀治疗复杂型肝门部胆管癌的临床疗效。方法对5例Bismuth分型Ⅳ型肝门部胆管癌合并胆总管远端狭窄行胆道置入金属支架引流联合γ刀治疗,先行B超引导下左侧肝内胆管穿刺置管,再行右侧肝内胆管置管引流(PTCD),置入3枚胆道支架解除梗阻。黄疸消退后行体部γ刀治疗,观察患者胆红素、转氨酶及肿瘤控制情况。结果 5例患者治疗前血清总胆红素为289.38±101.43μmol/L,直接胆红素180.42±72.50μmol/L,丙氨酸氨基转移酶148.80±82.65U/L。术后1周、1个月患者血清总胆红素分别为94.2±20.43、27.20±14.60μmol/L,直接胆红素分别为62.37±30.41、20.58±9.33μmol/L,丙氨酸氨基转移酶分别为109.27±45.52、59.80±35.18U/L。5例患者术后生存期分别为10、13、14、17、24个月,其中3例仍存活,中位生存期15个月,无手术并发症发生。结论胆道支架置入联合γ刀是复杂型肝门部胆管癌的一种安全有效的治疗方法,对于不能手术的局部晚期病例可提高局控率和生存率。

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect of biliary stent placement combined with gamma-knife for the treatment of complex hilar cholangiocarcinoma.Methods Five patients with type IV hilar cholangiocarcinoma,according to Bismuth classification,combined with stenosis of distant common bile duct were treated with biliary stent placement and gamma-knife.The left intrahepatic bile duct was catheterized under the guidance of ultrasound,followed by catheterization of right intrahepatic bile duct aided by percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography for drainage（PTCD）.Three biliary stents were inserted to relieve obstruction.Patients then underwent gamma-knife treatment after subsidence of jaundice,and bilirubin,followed by determination of transaminase and observation of the condition of the tumor.Results Total bilrubin,direct bilrubin and alanine transaminase of patients were 289.38±101.43μmol/L,180.42±72.50μmol/L and 148.80±82.65 U/L respectively before PTCD,and 94.2±20.43μmol/L,62.37±30.41μmol/L and 109.27±45.52 U/L,respectively,7 days after PTCD,and they declined to 27.20±14.60μmol/L,20.58±9.33μmol/L and 59.80±35.18 U/L,respectively,one month after PTCD.Five patients survived for 10,13,14,17 and 24 months,respectively.The median survival time was 15 months.Conclusion The combination of insertion of metallic stents and gamma-knife therapy is a safe and effective treatment for complex hilar cholangiocarcinoma,and this therapeutic strategy may improve survival rate and control the rate of grouth of carcinoma.