神经导航辅助下大型侵袭性垂体瘤的个体化入路切除(附17例报告)

Resection of large invasive pituitary adenomas with individualized approach under neuronavigator guidance:a report of 17 cases

目的探讨在神经导航辅助下采用个体化入路切除大型侵袭性垂体瘤的手术方法及效果。方法 2004-2009年收治的HardyⅣ级以上大型侵袭性垂体瘤患者17例,男7例,女10例,年龄2278（39.8±9.2）岁,术前均在神经导航辅助下进行个体化的入路设计,采用翼点入路、额下硬膜外入路、经蝶窦入路以及两两联合入路,在神经导航的指引下,充分利用自然解剖间隙,切除向多方向侵袭生长的垂体瘤。术后3d复查头颅CT,术后13个月复查头颅MRI,随访672个月,综合影像学检查及临床结果评价手术切除范围及手术疗效。结果术后复查显示全切15例,次全切1例,大部切除1例;术后短暂性尿崩8例,电解质紊乱2例,脑脊液漏2例,嗅觉减退2例,视力损害加重1例,术侧动眼神经及外展神经功能障碍l例,枕顶远隔部位硬膜外血肿1例。无死亡病例。结论根据肿瘤生长方向采用神经导航辅助下的个体化手术入路,可帮助术者了解入路路径中的血管分支及神经,从而选择最佳入路,有助于提高大型侵袭性垂体瘤的全切率和安全性,降低伤残率。

Objective To explore the operative method and therapeutic efficacy of surgical resection of large invasive pituitary adenomas with individualized approach under neuronavigator guidance.Methods Seventeen patients（10 males and 7 females,aged from 22 to 78 years with a mean of 39.2±9.2 years） suffering from large invasive pituitary adenoma of higher than Hardy IV grade hospitalized from 2004 to 2009 were involved in the present study.All procedures were performed with the assistance of neuronavigator via individualized pterion approach,subfrontal extradural approach,trans-sphenoidal approach,or combined approach.The dispersedly invasive pituitary adenomas were resected under the guidance of neuronavigator by fully utilizing the natural anatomical cleavages.All the patients received follow-up CT scanning 3 days after operation,MRI scanning 1 to 3 months after operation,and clinical follow-up ranged from 6 to 72 months.The resection extent and outcome were assessed by imaging examination and clinical results.Results Total tumor removal was achieved in 15 cases,subtotal removal in 1 case,and extensive partial removal in 1 case.The visual impairment and headache were ameliorated in most cases,but in 1 patient they were worsened.Transient diabetes insipidus occurred in 8 cases,electrolyte disturbances were observed in 2 cases,leakage of cerebrospinal fluid appeared in 2 cases,hyposmia in 2 cases,visual impairment aggravated in 1 case,oculomotor nerve and abducens nerve paralysis on the operative side in 1 case,epidural hematoma in occipital and parietal regions in 1 case.No patient died during the follow-up period.Conclusions Individualized surgical approach designed according to the growth direction of tumor under neuronavigator guidance is helpful for the operators to identify the vessels and nerves in the operative field distinctly during the operation,thus the total removal rate is improved,safely of the operation to remove large invasive pituitary adenomas is secured,and disability rate due to surgery is decreased.