极端干旱对贵州省喀斯特地区植物的影响

Effects of extreme drought on plant species in Karst area of Guizhou Province,Southwest China

基于2010年贵州省旱灾中喀斯特地区受损植被的调查资料,分析受损植被的物种组成、植物区系、生活型、叶质及其立地环境条件.结果表明:调查的6个样地中,因旱受损植物达31种,杉木、南蛇藤、密花树、齿叶铁仔、青冈和云南樟的受损数量最多,受损物种以热带中型革质单叶的常绿小乔木为主.受损植物主要分布在坡度较陡的顺倾坡中上部和水平产状碳酸盐岩发育的薄层石灰土上,土厚<30cm和石土面小生境植物受损最多,分别占87.4%和40.0%.建议喀斯特地区适当增加温带性质小型叶耐旱落叶乔木及灌木的种植面积,植树造林应选择石沟和土面等土层较厚、立地条件较好的小生境.

Based on the investigation data of damaged vegetations in Karst areas of Guizhou Province during the extreme drought in 2010,an investigation was made on the species composition,floristic composition,life form,leaf characteristics,and environmental conditions of drought-damaged plants at six sampling plots.At these plots,there were 31 plant species drought-damaged,among which,Cunninghamia lanceolata,Celastrus orbiculatus,Rapanea neriifolia,Myrsine semiserrata,Cyclobalanopsis glauca,and Cinnamomum glanduliferum damaged most,and the tropical evergreen arbors with mesophyllous,leathery,and simple leaf suffered more seriously.The damaged plants mainly located on the middle or upper part of steep slopes,and on the thin limestone soils originated from horizontal attitude carbonate rocks.The plants in the microhabitats with soil layer 30 cm and rock-soil were damaged most,accounting for 87.4% and 40.0% of the total,respectively.It was suggested that the temperate deciduous trees with microphyll could be more planted in Karst areas,and that the microhabitat for the afforestation could be in gully and with thicker soil layer and good site condition.