气候变化背景下中国农业气候资源变化Ⅴ.宁夏农业气候资源变化特征

Changes of China agricultural climate resources under the background of climate change.Ⅴ.Change characteristics of agricultural climate resources in Ningxia

基于1961—2009年宁夏21个气象站点的气象资料,分析了宁夏各区农业气候资源的时空变化趋势.结果表明:研究期间,宁夏各地气温逐渐升高,呈北高南低的空间分布特征,年均气温的气候倾向率为0.4℃·(10a)-1;大部分地区年降水量呈逐渐减少趋势,年降水量的气候倾向率为4.26mm·(10a)-1;无霜期和作物生长季天数随着气候变暖逐渐延长;≥10℃积温在3200℃·d以上的区域向南扩展,宁夏适宜种植中晚熟水稻的区域有所扩大;2001—2009年,宁夏大部分地区适宜种植冬小麦,全区各地几乎都适宜种植春小麦;宁夏南部山区各地7月平均气温≤20℃的区域面积逐渐缩小,适宜种植马铃薯的地域也随之缩小.

Based on the 1961-2009 weather data from 21 meteorological stations in Ningxia,this paper analyzed the spatiotemporal variation trend of regional agricultural climate resources in Ningxia,Northwest China.In 1961-2009,the air temperature in Ningxia increased gradually from south to north,with the mean annual temperature increased by 0.4 ℃·（10 a）-1,while the annual precipitation in most regions decreased gradually,with a decrement 4.26 mm·（10 a）-1.Both the frost-free period and the duration of crop growth season prolonged.The regions with ≥10 ℃ accumulated temperature being ≥3200 ℃·d extended southwardly,and thereby,the regions adaptive for planting mid and late rice increased.In 2001-2009,most regions were adaptive for plating winter wheat,and the whole Ningxia was adaptive for plating spring wheat.In the southern mountain regions,the region with mean temperature in July being ≤20 ℃ decreased gradually,and accordingly,the regions adaptive for planting potato decreased.