间充质干细胞对免疫细胞的抑制作用及其机制

Immunosuppressive Effect and Mechanism of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Immunocytes

间充质干细胞是一群来源于发育早期中胚层的具有自我更新和多向分化潜能的干细胞,具有分化为脂肪细胞、肝细胞、成骨细胞、软骨细胞、神经细胞等多种细胞的能力.近年来的相关研究表明,间充质干细胞具有低免疫原性,它可以通过抑制淋巴细胞的增殖、抑制抗原呈递细胞分化成熟及功能发挥、抑制细胞毒性T淋巴细胞的形成、增加调节性T细胞比例等多种途径发挥免疫调节作用,从而成为移植领域、各种退行性和衰竭性疑难病症的替代治疗的研究热点.本文就间充质干细胞对免疫细胞的抑制作用及其机制的研究进展进行综述.

Mesenchymal stem cells（MSCs） are self-renewed and multipotential stem cells that are isolated from many adult tissues,including bone marrow,liver tissue,lung tissue,amnion tissue,adipose tissue and umbilical cord.It was proved that MSCs could differentiate into mesodermal and ectodermal cell types,such as adipocytes,liver cells,osteoblasts,chondrocytes and neural cells.In recent years,the relevant studies show that MSCs are low immunogenic.It plays an important role in immunoregulation by inhibiting the proliferation of lymphocytes,the differentiation,maturity and function of the antigen-presenting cell and the formation of（cytotoxic T lymphocyte,CTL）,as well as by increasing the proportion of the regulatory T cells.Based on the special immunological characteristics,MSCs study becomes a＂hot spot＂in the fields of transplantation and also the replacement therapy of many degenerative and prostrating diseases.This review summarized the inhibition effect and mechanism of MSCs on immunocytes.