当代中国大城市居民的分配公平感:一项基于上海的实证研究(英文)

Perceptions of Distributive Justice of the Residents in Contemporary China's Large Cities:An Empirical Study Based on the Survey in Shanghai

本文从自利理论和归因理论出发,以2006年8月-2007年1月上海大学社会学系"上海市居民的阶层地位与社会意识"调查数据为基础,分析当前中国大城市居民的分配公平感及其形成机制。研究发现,大城市居民对主要社会群体的收入分配感到明显不公平。阶层地位是否具有优势对居民分配公平感的形成没有显著影响,但社会经济地位及其对导致社会不平等的归因则与分配公平感明显相关。具有优势经济地位的群体既直接影响人们的分配公平感,又通过对社会不平等的归因偏好间接影响人们的分配公平感。归因偏好对分配公平感的影响比社会经济地位的影响更加显著:越是将社会不平等归因于个人绩效因素(内因),其分配公平感就越强;越是将社会不平等归因于权力、政策因素(外因),其分配不公平感就越强。

Based on the self-interest theory and attribution theory, this study analyzed the data from the ＂Survey of Social Class and Social Awareness of Shanghai Residents＂ conducted by the Department of Sociology at Shanghai University in downtown areas of Shanghai between August 2006 and January 2007 to examine the perceptions of distributive justice of the residents in contemporary China＇s large cities and the mechanisms for the formation of such perceptions. The study discovered that the residents in large cities clearly perceived the income distribution across major social groups as unfair. Whether or not a social class possessed a dominant status did not correlate with people＇s perceptions of distributive justice but people＇ s socioeconomic status and their attribution for social inequality did. Those with an advantageous economic status not only directly affected people＇s perceptions of distributive justice but such an effect could also be indirect through people＇s preferred mode of attribution of social inequality. Furthermore, the effect of attribution mode was larger than that of socioeconomic status： The more likely a person was toattribute social inequality to individual performance （internal causes）, the more likely that person tended to have a strong sense of distributive justice. On the other hand, the more likely a person was to attribute social inequality to power or policies （external causes）, the more likely that person tended to have a strong sense of distributive injustice.