威廉·詹姆斯与生态心理学

William James and Ecological Psychology

生态心理学是运用生态学的视角与方法,通过揭示人和环境的交互关系来研究现实生活中的行为和心理现象的一种心理学新取向。威廉·詹姆斯的心理学思想为生态心理学提供了思想源泉和有益启示,詹姆斯的实用主义和彻底经验主义的哲学思想为生态心理学提供了理论基础。詹姆斯认为心理学要研究心理对环境的适应功能,这种机能心理学思想对生态心理学强调实际生活环境的研究原则和多元交互解释原则有启发意义。詹姆斯反对心理学研究以实验室为中心,主张心理学研究面向生活世界;反对心理学研究中的元素主义和还原论,主张整体论的研究思想;反对心理学研究中的方法中心论,主张以问题为中心。这些思想为生态心理学研究方法论提供了有益借鉴。

Ecological psychology is a new psychological orientation of discussing the behavior and psychological phenomenon by discovering the interactive relationship between human and environment from the angle of ecology.William James＇s psychological thoughts provided a useful source of idea and enlightenment for ecological psychology.James＇s philosophic thoughts of pragmatism and thorough empiricism provided idea source for ecology.James believed that psychology needs to study the adaptation function of psychology to environment,and this kind of functional psychology thoughts has inspirational significance for the research principle of stressing life environment and multi-dimensional explanation principle of functional psychology.James opposed taking laboratory as the center of psychology research,and advocated that psychology research should center on life;opposed the elementalism and reductionism in psychology research,and advocated the holism;opposed he inclination of method centralism in psychology research,advocated taking the problem as center.These thoughts provided a salutary lesson for the research method of ecology psychology.