从《菽园杂记》、《叶子谱》所记“叶子戏”看《水浒传》成书时间

From the Records about "Leaves Plays" in Shuyuan Zaji and Yezi Pu to Study the Coming Time of Outlaws of the Marsh

通过陆容《菽园杂记》与潘之恒《叶子谱》所记"叶子戏"比较,可以得知:二书所记一脉相承,前者据《宣和遗事》设计了"叶子戏"中某些人名、诨名,后者则据《水浒传》对其作了某些变动。昆山"叶子戏"的传承变异正是《水浒传》成书前后不同影响的体现,《菽园杂记》所记"叶子戏"反映的恰是《水浒传》成书前的情况,陆容不知有《水浒传》。陆容主要活动于成化至弘治初年,结合其生平、为人、交游、著述等考察可以推断,如果当时《水浒传》已问世流传,陆容不大可能不知其存在。因此可以断定:明弘治初年以前《水浒传》并未成书,所谓《水浒传》成书于"元末明初"说是站不住脚的。

By comparing the records about ＂leaves play＂ in Lu Rong＇s Shuyuan Zaji and Pan Zhiheng＇s Yezi Pu, we may know the two books written the same strain that the former according to the Xuanhe yishi to make up some names and nicknames and the latter according to Outlaws of the Marsh to make some changes for ＂leaves plays＂. The Inheritance and variation of ＂leaves plays＂ in Kunshan was the very different influences of the book Outlaws of the Marsh before and after the manifestation that Lu Rong did not know Outlaws of the Marsh so he reflected the situation of ＂leaves play＂ before Outlaws of the Marsh. Since Lu Rong lived at the period from Chenghua to Hongzhi period, it can be inferred that it is impossible for Lu Rong not to know its existence if Outlaws of the Marsh had been available by analyzing his life, his friends and his writings. Therefore, it can be concluded： Outlaws of the Marsh was not available before the early years of Ming Hongzhi so it is untenable that the view of Outlaws of the Marsh coming out in the ＂end Yuan and early Ming＂.