元末方国珍治下色目人的境遇与心态

On the Situation and Mentality of the Colorful Eyes People under the Rule of Fang Guozhen during the Late Yuan Dynasty

元朝统治者将人按民族和归附时间的先后划分为蒙古、色目、汉人、南人,建立四等人制度,色目人主要由来自西域的诸色人种及唐兀、吐蕃等构成。元末方国珍起兵,在庆元、温州、台州建立了割据政权,当地色目人的二等人地位失去了保障。方国珍是南人,从政治立场和族群意识分析,方国珍"忌色目人"是有依据的说法,他治下色目人比较艰难的境遇也可证明。但方国珍不想夺取天下,只想割据一方的思想,使他至元亡一直保持着与元朝表面的从属关系,这种政治利益需要在较大程度上影响了方国珍对待色目人的态度。概括而言,他对待色目人的态度首先取决于他们在元朝的地位,其次受他们对方氏集团态度的影响。

The people in Yuan dynasty had been divided into the Mongolians, the Colorful Eyes People, Han people and the Southerners such four kinds＇ people system according to their ethnicity and allegiance to the sequence of time. The Colorful Eyes people were mainly from the Western Region such as Tangwu people, Tibetan and so on. However, Fang Guozhen revolted, and established a separatist regime in Qingyuan, Wenzhou, Taizhou during the late Yuan so the local Colorful Eyes people lost their secondclass privileges. Since Fang Guozhen was one of the Southerners, it could be proved that Fang Guozhen ＂avoids the Colorful Eyes people＂ from his political positions and the analysis of his ethnic consciousness, and the colorful eyes people situation could also be proved in a hard situation. But Fang Guoehen did not want to win the throne, and he just wanted to be a separatist so that he has maintained an affiliation relation with the Yuan until the end of Yuan, which affected Fang Guozhen＇s attitude towards the Colorful Eyes People. In all, his attitude towards the Colorful Eyes people firstly depended on their position in the Yuan Dynasty, secondly depended on their attitudes to Fang＇s Group.