生物技术在中药青蒿中的应用研究

Application study of biotechnology in Artemisia annual

青蒿素是从中药青蒿中提取的治疗疟疾的最有效药物,但在青蒿中青蒿素的含量很低。作者从以下3个方面概述了生物技术在青蒿中的应用研究:一是通过DNA的分子标记辅助育种。应用于青蒿种质资源的遗传多样性研究,为高青蒿素含量优良品种的快速选育提供分子生物学基础;二是通过基因工程技术提高青蒿素的含量;在青蒿中过表达青蒿素生物合成的关键酶基因;抑制与青蒿素生物合成竞争相同底物的酶基因的表达,直接或间接的提高青蒿素的含量;三是通过合成生物学技术在宿主内生产青蒿素的前体或青蒿素。

Artemisinin is a kind of effective antimalarial drug being extracted from Artemisia annual,in which the artemisinin concentration is very low.So increasing artemisinin concentration is a hotspot in the research field,and it will be possible that biotechnology is applied to the study of Artemisia annual.It involved the following three aspects.First,DNA molecular marker assisted breeding.The genetic diversity of Artemisia germplasm was analyzed by the molecular maker,which provided the molecular biology basis for accelerating the breeding time of fine varieties with high artemisinin concentration.Second,artemisinin concentration was increased by genetic engineering.By transgenic technology overexpressing the key genes in artemisinin biosynthesis directly promoted the accumulating of artemisinin;inhibiting the expression of the gene,which competed with the genes in artemisinin biosynthesis for reduction substrate,indirectly increased the artemisinin concentration.Third,through synthetic biology method artemisinin precursor or artemisinin was produced in the host.