微胶囊的制备方法研究进展

Adavances in Microcapsules Preparation

本文介绍了微胶囊的常用天然壁材和微胶囊的制备方法。天然壁材分为碳水化合物、蛋白质和脂类3大类,其中传统天然壁材有海藻酸钠、壳聚糖、明胶等,新型天然壁材包括脂质体、微生物细胞壁(酵母菌细胞壁)、多孔淀粉等。微胶囊的常规制备方法包括:复凝聚法、单凝聚法、界面聚合法、原位聚合法、锐孔-凝固浴法、喷雾干燥法等,微胶囊的新型制备方法有:分子包埋法、微通道乳化法、超临界流体快速膨胀法、酵母微胶囊法、层-层自组装法、模板法等。但是微胶囊技术还存在诸多不成熟之处,有些关键问题还有待解决。

The conventional natural encapsulating materials and preparation methods for microcapsules were introduced.The natural shell materials include three typical series,i.e.,carbohydrates,proteins and lipids.The traditional natural shell materials include sodium alginate,chitosan,glutin,etc.,but the noval materials consist of liposome,microbial cell wall（yeast cell wall）,porous starch,etc..The common preparation methods for microcapsules include complex coacervation,simple coacervation,interfacial polymerization,in-situ polymerization,piercing-solidifying,spray drying,etc..The advanced preparation methods for microcapsules include molecular inclusion,microchannel emulsification,rapid expansion of supercritical solution,yeast microencapsulation,layer-by-layer self-assembly,vesicle templating,etc..