石灰和有效微生物群处理条件下土壤动物群落多样性研究

Diversity of Soil Fauna Community under Lime and EM Treatment

采用石灰和有效微生物群（Effective Microoganisms,EM）处理改善了大兴安岭森林生态系统土壤微酸性环境和较低的微生物活性特征,于2003-2005年采用网袋分解法,揭示土壤动物群落多样性特征,为土壤动物生态地理研究和森林生态系统管理提供科学依据。研究表明,分解袋内土壤动物多样性对石灰和EM处理的响应表现出以下特征：（1）处理样地土壤动物个体数增加但类群数减少,其中螨类和弹尾类增加明显。（2）石灰和EM处理降低了土壤动物群落的多样性,对应分析表明石灰样地与其他样地有所差异。（3）各样地不同网孔分解袋中土壤动物类群数表现为大孔〉中孔〉小孔,而个体数基本上为中孔〉大孔〉小孔,是由于网袋内中小型土壤动物占优势而大型土壤动物数量较少引起的。（4）土壤动物类群数、个体数和多样性指数在针叶和阔叶网袋中响应特征不同,但彼此间没有显著差异。

The conditions of slightly acid and lower microorganism activities of soil in Da Hinggan Mountains forest ecosystem got better by the amendments of lime and EM （Effective Microorganism）. From 2003 to 2005, the litterbag method had been applied to study the diversity of soil fauna in order to provide the scientific basis for eco-geographical research on soil fauna and the management of forest ecosystem. Responses of different soil fauna to lime and EM treatment were as follows： 1. The abundance of soil fauna individuals increased while the species types decreased in each treated plot, especially for the Acarina and Collembola. 2 Diversity of soil fauna were decreased in lime and EM treated plots. Correspondence Analysis （CA） provided that lime treated plots were different from other plots. 3. The species numbers of soil fauna in each plot showed the order of coarse mesh bag 〉 the middle mesh bag 〉 the fine mesh bag, and the abundance of individuals arranged as the middle mesh bag 〉 the coarse mesh bag 〉 the fine mesh bag, which was due to the higher abundance of individuals of mid-micro soil fauna than the macro-soil fauna in litterbag. 4. The species numbers, individual abundance and diversity indices of soil fauna in coniferous and broad-leaved litterbags were different at no significant level.