8[1]LIU YX,HUANG LY,editor in chief.Practical Digestive Endo scopie Therapeutics[M].Beijing:People Press,2000:83.Chinese
9[2]YAN JE,LI ZP.Sents drainage of esophagostenosis by endoscopy[J].Biomedical Engineering and Clinical Medicine,2001,5(3):156.Chinese
10[3]BA2TEL9MAN.Palliation of patients with escphagogastic neoplasm,byinsention,q a covened expandable modified Cianguneog endopnost-nesis[J].Giastiam Endose,2000,51(2):134-138.
2Sundelof M, Ringby D, Stockeld D, et al. Palliative treatment of malignant dysphagia with self-expanding metal stents: a 12-year experience[ J ]. Scand J Gastroentero1,2007,42( 1 ) : 11.
3Burstow M, Kelly T, Panchani S, et al. Outcome of palliative esophageal stenting for malignant dysphagia: a retrospective analysis [ J]. Diseases of the Esophagus, 2009,22 ( 6 ) : 519.
4WHITE R E,PARKER RK,FITZWATER J W,et al.Stents as sole therapy for oesophageal cancer: a pro-spective analysis of outcomes after placement[J], Lan-cet Oncol,2009 ?10 :240 - 246.
5LAZARAKI G’KATSINELOS P,NAKOS A,et alMalignant esophageal dysphagia palliation using inser-tion of a covered Ultraflex stent without fluoroscopy: aprospective observational study [J]. Surg Endosc,2011 ,25(2) :628-635.