《汉书》“旁贯五经”与汉代史学精神的转变

Cases of running through the Five Classics in Hanshu and changing of spirits in historiography of Han

班固"旁贯五经"而著史,其浓重的宗经思想贯穿于《汉书》的宗旨、体例以及取材等各个方面:班固据五经经义而确立著史宗旨与各篇立意,按《春秋》"以传释经"之义例来规范纪传体体例,准经义而命名篇目并为之作序,以五经为准则去取史料、删改《史记》,仿"《春秋》书法"以记事,引经文与各家经说以入史,用五经经义而论赞人物。凡此诸义例不仅在著史宗旨、批判精神以及历史叙事等方面改变了汉代史学的精神,而且还促使班固史学之求善与求真既吻合又分离,与司马迁强调史学之求善与求真的吻合有所不同,汉代史学精神由此而转变。

Bangu wrote Hanshu which was guided by the Five Classics. According to the Five Classics, he established purpose of Hanshu and each chapter, named each chapter and wrote preface for it, selected the historical data and deleted Shiji, wrote history by principles of Chunqiu , quoted the Five Classics and their explanation, and discussed historical persons. In summa- ry, they were not only styles of the Five Classics but also performances of changing of spirits in historiography of Han.