我国大型汽轮机叶片运行状况的研究和对策

Research on Operation Status of Large Steam Turbine Blades and Countermeasures

随着电站汽轮机大容量化，叶片的安全可靠性和保持其高效率愈显得重要。文章通过对１０余个电厂叶片运行状况的调研及收集到有关叶片运行资料，分析了上海汽轮机有限公司、哈尔滨汽轮机有限责任公司、东方汽轮机厂等国产以及从美国、日本、前苏联和欧洲一些国家引进的３００ ＭＷ 及以上亚临界压力大功率汽轮机部分叶片故障，认为末级长叶片型线下部普遍存在出汽边水冲蚀损伤，外来硬质异物击伤叶片和固体粒子侵蚀，叶片结构及其它损伤，分析了其损伤机理。

With the increasing adoption of high parameter,large size steam turbines,the reliability of blades and keeping its high efficiency become more and more important.Through the investigation and survey of blades operation status of ten odd steam turbines and the collected relevant blade operation documents,part blade failures of indigenous and imported subcritical pressure large size(300 MW and above) steam turbines are summed up and analyzed,including steam turbines made by Shanghai,Harbin,Dongfang steam turbine works and imported from U S ,Japan,former Soviet Union and some countries in Europe.It is held that,the water erosion,damages resulted from impinges by foreign hard matter and etching by solid particles etc. phenomena generally existing at steam outlet side of lower profile part of last stage long blades,lead to blade structure damage and other damages.In the paper,the damage mechanisms are analyzed and preventive measures are proposed as well.