建三江垦区土地利用/覆盖变化与生态环境效应作用机理研究

THE LAND USE/COVER CHANGE AND ITS ECO-ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS THE INTERACTION MECHANISM IN JIANSANJIANG

以黑龙江省建三江垦区为研究区,以1989年和2006年两期TM遥感影像为主要信息源,利用遥感与地理信息系统相结合的方法,提取研究区土地利用/覆盖信息,运用数学模型计算土地利用/覆盖变化度并分析其总体特征,探讨选取用地类型变化的生态贡献率参数和生态环境指数,反映和揭示研究区土地利用/覆盖变化与生态环境响应。结果表明:土地利用/覆盖变化与生态环境相互作用和相互影响。1989-2006年,研究区土地利用/覆盖发生了很大的变化,水田和草地覆盖类型变化最为频繁、速度也最快,建设用地变化最慢。期间生态环境有恶化也有改善。在各种用地类型的变化中,沼泽湿地减少的生态贡献率最大,造成了生态环境的负面效应。研究表明,人们不合理的开发利用土地,会造成生态环境的恶化,从而使原有土地利用/覆盖方式被迫发生相应改变。

This paper selects Jiansanjiang reclamation area, which is in Heilongjiang province as the study area, with TM remote sensing images of 1989 and 2006 as the main source of information. Use the method of remote sensing and geographic information systems combining to extract the land use / cover information. Calculating land use/cover change degrees and analyzing the overall characteristics by mathematical mathematical model, selection the ecological contributing ratios paraneters and the eco-environment value of land use changes. Reflects and reverls the land use/cover change and ecological response. The result indicates that land use / cover change and ecological environment interaction and mutual influence. The land use / cover has undergone great changes from 1989 to 2006, changes in paddy fields and grassland cover types most frequently and the fastest, construction land change is the slowest. During this time, the ecological environment either deterioration or improving. In the change of various land use types, the ecological contribution of wetlands to reduce is the maximum, resulting in negative environmental effects. Research shows that people irrational use of land, will cause deterioration of ecological environment, so that the original land use / cover means being forced to have changed.