作物生长指标与土壤水分状况及地温关系研究

Study on the Relation of Soil Moisture and Soil Temperature to Crop Growth

作物生长指标与土壤水分、地温的关系是制定灌溉制度的重要依据,对于提高水分利用效率、改善作物生长状态具有重要的意义。根据试验资料重点分析土壤水分、土壤温度以及采用覆膜、保水剂等农艺措施对青贮玉米株高、茎粗和产量的影响,结果表明:对于喜热、喜水的青贮玉米使用覆膜技术最好,覆膜能同时提高地温和保持土壤水分,其次是使用保水剂浸种比使用沟施保水剂效果好;影响地温变化的主要因素是气温和土壤水分,充分灌溉在提供作物生长所需足够水分的同时,降低了地温,不利于作物生长,因此对于水资源相对紧缺的北方寒冷地区,可适当采用非充分灌溉。

Crop growth and soil moisture,soil temperature are of importance for design of irrigation schedule and are significant for improving water use efficiency and crop growth.The influences of soil moisture,soil temperature,laminating and super absorbent polymer on stem diameter and yield of silage corn were analyzed based on the experimental data.The results show that： plastic film mulch is the best technology of corn silage that is fond of heat and water,plastic film mulch can maintain soil temperature and soil moisture,followed by use of super absorbent polymers that is immersed seed than used channel.The air temperature and soil moisture are major factors of the changes soil temperature,sufficient irrigation is not good to crop growth because adequate water reduced the soil temperature,therefore,non-sufficient irrigation can be used in relative shortage of water resources in northern and cold regions.