新时期以来非虚构小说研究述评

A Summery of Non-fiction Research since the New Era

自从1966年,杜鲁门.卡波特用非虚构小说一词描绘他的小说《冷血》以来,非虚构小说就从美国流行开来。时至今日,40多年过去了,非虚构小说在中国的发展并不尽如人意,不如它在国外发展迅速,成绩骄人。但自2010年第2期开始,《人民文学》开辟"非虚构"新栏目,陆续刊发十几篇作品,在文学界引发了一场关于非虚构小说的新一轮讨论。笔者拟从非虚构小说产生的背景、非虚构小说的定义、非虚构小说与其他纪实小说的关系、非虚构与真实的关系、关于非虚构小说的理论研究、非虚构小说存在的问题及意义几个方面展开,力图为非虚构小说研究勾勒出一个较为完整的图像,理清其新时期以来的发展脉络。

Since 1966 when Tuman Kapote used non-fiction to describe his novel Cold Blood,non-fiction has been popular in America.During the past 40 years,the development of non-fiction in China has been not same as that in other countries with fast speed and great achievements.However,People＇s Literature issued dozen papers in its new column,Non-fiction in 2,2010,which has aroused a new discussion of non-fiction in literature sector.In this paper,the authors have analyzed the backgrounds and the definition of non-fiction,and the relationships between non-fiction and other documentary fictions,the relationships between non-fiction and reality,and the study of non-fiction theory,the existence of non-fiction and its significance as to have a clear and complete understanding of non-fiction.