试论《孟子》中的小说因素

On Fiction Elements in "Mencius"

先秦文学是中国文学诸种样式的开端及萌芽阶段,在文学史上出现较晚的小说也能在先秦散文中找到其萌芽期所具有的多种因素,这在诸子散文中有明确体现,而《孟子》在此方面有突出的特点。虚构,作为小说最核心的因素,在《孟子》中主要以寓言和政治理想蓝图的形式得到彰显;《孟子》中的人物是以孟子为主要代表的活跃在书中的鲜活形象;书中的情节与环境则均借助白描手法得以展现。《孟子》与其他诸子散文一起,为后世小说的产生和发展开拓了广阔的道路。

Several kinds of literary style in pre-Qin Dynasty is the beginning of Chinese literature and the embryonic stage.Novels which appeared in the history of literature later can also be found in the pre-Qin prose in its infancy with a variety of factors.＂Mencius＂ as an important representative of pre-Qin Philosophic prose,it contains several elements of later fiction.Fiction as the novel’s most central elements manifests in ＂Mencius＂ mainly in the form of political allegory and the ideal blueprint;the figures in ＂Mencius＂ is represented by Mencius as the main active live image in the book;circumstances and environment of the book are shown with the help of line drawing techniques.Prose of Mencius and other thinkers opened up a broad road for the later development of novel.