罗尔斯与社会最低保障

John Rawls and Social Minimum

社会正义与社会最低保障是紧密联系在一起的,而没有社会最低保障的社会正义是不可想象的。罗尔斯在《正义论》中提出了他的社会正义理论,其中包含关于社会最低保障的观念。但是,罗尔斯的社会最低保障观念与功利主义的社会最低保障观念是不同的。首先,罗尔斯的社会最低保障基于正义的原则,而功利主义的社会最低保障基于人类的需要;其次,罗尔斯的社会最低保障是一种制度,而功利主义的社会最低保障是一种原则;最后,社会最低保障确实与人类的需要密切相关,但是人类的需要应该按照公民资格来加以界定。

Social justice is related closely to social minimum,and it is unimaginable for social justice without social minimum.In his A Theory of Justice,John Rawls proposes a theory of social justice that has a conception of social minimum,which is different from the conception of utilitarian social minimum.Firstly,John Rawls' conception of social minimum is based on the principles of justice,while the social minimum of utilitarianism is based on human needs.Secondly,John Rawls' social minimum is a kind of institution,and the social minimum of utilitarianism is a kind of principle.Finally,a social minimum is indeed related to human needs,but human needs may be defined by persons' citizenships.