整形美容受术者术后心理并发症发生情况分析及其意义

Analysis of postoperative psychological complications in the patients with plastic surgery

目的:整形美容外科由于受术群体的特殊性因而术后心理并发症发生率可能更高,发生情况可能更为严重,因此,了解整形美容受术者的心理特征和术后心理并发症的发生情况,有助于提高整形美容外科医护人员对受术者术后心理并发症的认识,加强应对措施。方法:采用问卷调查法,调查统计自2009年1月～2010年9月在我院接受5种整形美容外科手术的314例受术者,分析其主要的心理并发症发生情况。结果:除手术引起的非特异性生理并发症如瘀血、瘀斑、不确定的身体不适外,其它较严重的手术并发症发生率均较低。受术者术后心理并发症发生情况的调查结果显示,术后心理并发症发生率高于生理并发症,主要表现为焦虑、抑郁、睡眠障碍、失望。其中面部除皱术受术者焦虑发生率最高为85.7%;隆鼻术、眼部整形术受术者术后失望的发生率较高,分别为67.1%、65.6%;而隆乳术受术者抑郁和睡眠障碍发生率最高,分别为86.8%、92.1%;受术者术后心理并发症的发生率与受术者年龄之间关系的调查统计结果显示:35～55岁的受术者心理并发症发生率最高为88.1%;其次是21～34岁的受术者;20岁以下受术者心理并发症发生率最低为57.1%。结论:整形美容外科手术不同于其它外科手术,术后的心理问题需要给予高度关注,整形美容受术者的心理并发症发生情况与手术种类、年龄等因素有关。

Objective It is well documented that patients undergoing plastic and aesthetic surgery can experience psychological reactions that are produced by the anticipation of surgery,the operative event itself,or by postoperative sequelae that result from surgery.However,the impact of psychological complications on patient recovery and satisfaction rate did not draw more attention.Methods The questionnaires of screening psychosocial complications were designed to inquire psychosocial problems of 314 patients,who underwent the plastic and aesthetic surgery.Results Anxiety,depression,disappointment and sleep disorder were frequently encountered negative psychological complications.Anxiety was the most prevalent psychological complication in the patients receiving rhytidoplasty.Depression and sleep disorder were the most frequent psychological complications in the patients undergoing nose augmentation and eye cosmetic surgery.Disappointment was the most frequent complication in breast augmentation practices.Postoperative psychological complications were most prevalent in the 35 to 55 years-old patient.Less than 20 years-old Patients were lest at risk for postoperative psychological problems.Conclusion Perceived patient psychological complications were at rates equal to or greater than those of perceived physical complications in the plastic and aesthetic surgery practice.The incidence of negative psychological complication after operation was associated with patient age and operation itself.