湖北省应城市盐化工业区生态地球化学研究

Eco-geochemical Research on the Salt Chemical Industry District,Yingcheng City,Hubei Province

本文对湖北省应城市盐化工业区进行了生态地球化学研究以及矿山生态地球化学预警、预测,结果表明:在采卤区主要是土壤盐化,Cl在黄棕壤地区往土壤深部富集,在底土层达到最高;开采区已形成重度盐化土壤区6.5 km2、盐类物质重度污染水体区44.6 km2;在盐化工业区和城区除土壤盐化外,还存在Cd、Hg、Pb等重金属污染,其中在城区Cd达到中度污染;地表水污染比较严重的是氯化物、硝酸盐、硫酸盐以及As、Hg;土壤中有益养分有效P偏低,速效K、碱解N较富足,微量元素中Zn、Fe、Mn有效态富足,Cu、B缺失;As、Hg、Pb在农作物中不同部位的含量总体趋势为根>茎叶>果实;盐化企业和其他化工企业排出的废渣、废水是区内污染的主要来源,应加以重视和治理。

This paper gives eco-geochemical research on the salt chemical industry district,Yingcheng City,Hubei Province.At the same time,it carries out the early warning and prediction of mines＇ eco-geochemistry.It indicates that the soil salinization appears in the salt-water exploitation region,where Cl is enriched with the depth in the yellow brown earth area and reaches its maximum at the bottom layer.There is an area of 6.5 km2 of high-grade salinization soil and an area of 44.6 km2 of high-grade pollution water body by salts in the exploitation region.Besides the soil salinization in the salt chemical district and the city zone,there also exists the heavy metal pollution of Cd,Hg and Pb,etc.,among which Cd reaches the middle-grade pollution in the city.The surface water is heavily polluted by chloride,nitrate,sulfate and As and Hg.As far as the soil＇s useful nutrients are concerned,the results show that P is lowly available,K and alkaline hydrolytic nitrogen are relatively rich and readily available,Zn,Fe and Mn are rich and available,but Cu and B lack.The general trend of As,Hg and Pb content in different parts of crops is rootcaudex and leaffruit.The main pollution comes from the industrial waste residue and waste water by salt industry and other chemical plants,which should be regarded and controlled.