乘用车致行人头部损伤程度调查及分析

Survey and analysis of pedestrian head injury caused by passenger car

目的缺乏保护的行人在道路交通事故中易受到伤害,行人头部损伤是导致其残疾和死亡的首要原因。方法设置调查条件,调查2006~2010年间重庆、北京和山西等地行人交通事故。行人按年龄分为儿童（〈15岁）,青壮年（≥15岁或（65岁）和老年行人组（≥65岁）,行人损伤按人体损伤鉴定标准分为轻伤、重伤和死亡。用AIS2005对头部损伤进行创伤评分,调查行人头部损伤严重程度,并分析行人头部动力学。结果采集到满足分析要求的事故232例。轻伤组中头部损伤以擦伤较常见,MAIS1例数占61%,头部较重伤MAIS3占21%。重伤组中,头部出现较重以上损伤（MAIS3＋）有38例,占69%。死亡组中,头部MAIS3＋以上损伤有121例,在该组中所占比例达96.0%。结论头部损伤程度对行人事故损伤结果有重要影响,头部损伤对儿童和老年人的危害显著高于青壮年。在事故中行人头部可能遭受多次碰撞,行人头部碰撞动力学受行人身高、汽车前部结构以及汽车碰撞速度有关,儿童行人头部动力学区别于成年行人。提高对行人头部损伤的诊治和防护水平,还需进一步开展汽车-行人交通事故调查。

Objective Pedestrians without protection are vulnerable in road traffic accidents and head injuries are the primary cause of the morbidities and mortalities.Methods The accidents involved in pedestrians in Chongqing,Beijing and Shanxi province in China among 2006-2010 were investigated according to some sampling conditions.The pedestrians injuries involved in these crashes were evaluated and divided into slight injury,severe injury as well as fatality.These injured pedestrians were classified into pediatric（age15y）,middle-aged（15y≤age﹤65y） and elderly group（age≥65y）.The pedestrian head injuries were ranked according to AIS2005.The pedestrian injury results owing to head injuries were analyzed.The pedestrian head injury was analyzed from the head injury dynamics.Results The 232 cases of accidents meeting sampling requirements were investigated.The bruise injuries were observed and MAIS1 occupied 61% in slight injury group,MAIS3 21%.There were 38 pedestrians with head injury of MAIS3＋,which occupied 69% in severe injury group.In fatality group,the pedestrians with head injury of MAIS3＋ were up to 121,which accounted for 96.0%.Conclusion The pedestrian head injuries are relative to pedestrian injury results.The head injuries may do more harm to the pediatric and elderly pedestrians than the middle aged pedestrians.The pedestrian head dynamics are relative to pedestrian height,vehicle front structure as well as impact speed.In order to improve the treatment and protection level for pedestrian head injury,the accidents involved in pedestrians should be investigated further.