道德判断与历史判断——论朱子与陈亮的德性与功业之争

Moral Judgment and Historical Judgment:on the Dispute of Morality and Function Between Zhu Xi and Chen Liang

陈亮以社会结果和现实功效为标准来判断历史发展成功与否,朱熹则用道德动机来判断功过是非。一个是典型的以成败论英雄,一个是放弃历史发展观而纯粹以是否践行了道德理性为判断标准;一个只看到原始生命的价值,一个没有把德性本体客观化。把两者的观点加以比较和分析之后,更为客观合理的第三条思路就自然显现出来,即道德判断与历史判断的综合运用。

Chen Liang judged the success of the historical development with the social outcome and its efficacy,while Zhu Xi adopted merits and demerits of moral motivation.One was typical of judging somebody with his attainments,while the other totally abandoned the historical development concept,just considering whether the person carried out morality;Chen could only see the original value of life,while Zhu couldn＇t change virtue to be objective.Through comparing the two perspectives and taking an analysis about them,the third one can be seen,that is,integration of moral judgment and historical judgment.