有限元技术及其在人工髋关节领域的应用

Technology of finite-element analysis and its application in the field of acetabular prosthesis

髋关节具有独特的解剖学特点及复杂的生理功能,在人体直立和活动中发挥重要的作用。针对其正常力学结构和病损修复后的生物力学研究为临床所重视。而鉴于其结构的复杂性,在体的力学研究存在很大困难,多数实验是通过动物模型来完成,从而对实验结果的可靠性产生不同程度的影响。有限元技术是计算机力学分析的重要方法之一,已成功应用于工程力学的多个领域,尤其是对于不规则构件的力学分析,有其独特的优势。有限元分析法被应用于矫形外科领域,在全髋关节置换前后应力分布规律的研究、骨水泥等移植材料的应力分析、假体的优化设计、假体界面受力情况及表面磨损等方面已取得了很大进展。有限元法自引入生物力学领域以来,改善了我们在生物力学方面的研究思路,通过不断地完善与发展,在人工关节的研究中将具有更广阔的前景。

The hip with distinctive anatomical structure and complicated function plays an important role in normal standing and activity.The clinical doctors have paid attention to studies on hip biomechanics of normal structure and reconstruction.It was difficult for us to analyze hip in vivo because of its complex structure.Many examinations were preformed on animal models,but the reliability of results was unavoidably affected.Technology of finite-element analysis as one of the main methods of mechanics had been successfully applied in many fields,especially in analyzing on irregular bodies.The application in the field of orthopaedic surgery,for example the optimal design for prosthesis,stress analysis of grafts etc,had made great progress.The method could help us to improve current thoughts on study of biomechanics and make continuous advance in the future.