城市草地对局地气象环境影响的个例分析

A Case Analysis of Urban Grassland Impacts on Local Meteorological Environments

在青岛市规划局2008年发布的城市总体规划(2006—2020年)的基础上,利用城市尺度边界层大气数值模式模拟在有无城市草地和在不同城市草地面积条件下青岛环胶州湾地区气温、风速的变化特征及其对大气环境的影响。数值分析表明:城市草地的设置将使城市气温降低,缓解城市热岛效应;使地面风速增大,从而增强区域的大气扩散能力,减小污染物的质量浓度。城市草地面积的显著减小,会导致局部地区气温升高、风速下降、污染物质量浓度加大。影响气温、风速变化的区域主要集中在设置和减少草地区域附近。

Based on the over-all plan（2006—2020） issued by Qingdao Planning Bureau in 2008,a urban atmospheric boundary layer model is used to simulate the variations of urban atmospheric temperature,and wind speed with their effects on atmospheric environments around the Qingdao Jiaozhou Bay under different urban ground conditions with various pieces of grassland or without any grassland.It is shown from numerical analysis that the urban grassland setting is helpful decrease the air temperature and depress the effect of urban heat island.It also makes wind speed decrease,improves the the regional atmospheric diffusion ability,and reduces the pollutant mass concentration.On the other hand,the significant decrease of the urban grassland area will result in air temperature increase,wind speed decrease,and pollutant mass concentration heightening in some local area.The regions effected by the temperature and wind speed are mainly located at the places where the grassland area is enlarged or lessened.