壳聚糖调节血糖及其作用机制的探讨

Effects of the hypoglycemic mechanism of chitosan on glycemia in diabetic mice

目的探讨壳聚糖调节血糖及其作用机制。方法将四氧嘧啶导致的糖尿病小鼠随机分成4组,另设一个正常对照组,每天分别灌胃给予蒸馏水、壳聚糖0.25、0.50和1.00 g/kg体重,连续6周,每周称重1次,在实验2周末、4周末和6周末各测空腹血糖1次;实验末期进行糖耐量实验,并取股动脉血测糖化血清蛋白、血清胰岛素含量。结果壳聚糖能明显缓解糖尿病小鼠症状;3个剂量组小鼠血糖值和糖化血清蛋白均明显降低(P<0.001);低、高剂量组小鼠血糖曲线下面积明显降低(P<0.05或P<0.01);高剂量组小鼠血清胰岛素含量明显增高(P<0.01);低剂量组小鼠体重增长明显(P<0.05或P<0.01);低、中剂量组小鼠肝体比明显降低(P<0.05或P<0.01);低剂量组小鼠肾脏重和肾体比均明显降低(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论壳聚糖可通过促进胰岛素的分泌等作用,达到调节血糖,改善糖尿病症状的作用。

Objective To investigate the hypoglycemic mechanism of Chitosan on glycemia in mice with alloxan-induced diabetes.Methods Alloxan-induced diabetic mice were divided into 4 groups,with one natural control group,and administered orally distilled water,Chitosan at dose of 0.25,0.50,1.00 g/kg BW per day,respectively for 6 weeks.Body weight was recorded weekly.Blood samples were collected for measurement of glucose at the 2nd、4th and 6th weekend after fasting for 5 h.Observed Glucose tolerance test and taking femoral artery blood to measure the glycosylated serum proteins（GSP） and the blood serum insulin content at the 6th weekend.Results Symptoms of diabetic mice fed Chitosan were improved obviously.Their blood glucose lever and GSP decreased significantly（P 0.01）.The area under curve of the blood glucose of diabetic mice fed Chitosan at dose of 0.25、1.00g/kg BW decreased obviously（P 0.05 or P 0.01）.The blood serum insulin increased obviously in high dose Chitosan groups（P 0.01）.The body weight of diabetic mice fed Chitosan at dose of 0.25g/kg BW increased obviously（P 0.05 or P 0.01）.The ratio of liver to body weight decreased obviously in the diabetic mice fed Chitosan at dose of 0.25、0.50g/kg BW（P 0.05 or P 0.01）.The kidney weight and the ratio of kidney to body weight decreased obviously in the diabetic mice fed Chitosan at dose of 0.25g/kg BW（P 0.05 or P 0.01）.Conclusion It is suggested that Chitosan has effects of decreasing blood glucose and improving symptoms of mice with alloxan-induced diabetes by mechanisms of enhancing the blood serum insulin.