含油污泥燃料化处理剂研制及其作用机理研究

Development and mechanism study of an additive for fuelization of oily sludge

含油污泥主要有清罐油泥(罐底泥)、隔油池底泥、污水处理厂浮渣以及剩余活性污泥等几类。含油污泥含有油、苯系物、酚类、蒽、芘等具有恶臭味和毒性的物质,是国家明文规定的危险废弃物。另一方面,含油污泥中富含大量烃类,潜在能量大,热值高,平均热值达5 000 kcal/kg以上。经大量室内实验,开发了一种新型含油污泥燃料化处理剂,可处理多种类型的石油和石化行业含油污泥,能使含油污泥迅速破乳,脱去水后的泥渣彼此不粘连,不结块,干燥后的泥渣易于燃烧,还可与燃煤混烧。含油污泥干化物燃后灰渣及与燃煤混烧锅炉排放的烟气均满足我国相关排放标准要求,不会造成额外的环境影响,实现了含油污泥无害化处理与资源化再利用。

The oily sludge can be divided into oily sludge from tank clearing（sludge from oil tank）,sediment from oil separating tank,floating sludge from the wastewater treatment plants,residual activated sludge and so on.The oily sludge includes various malodorous and poisonous compositions such as oil,benzene series organic,phenol chemical,anthracene,and pyrene,which are all in the national list of hazardous wastes.On the other hand,the oily sludge is rich in different kinds of hydrocarbon,resulting in a large potential energy and a high calorific value（the average calorific value is more than 5 000 kcal/kg）.Based on numerous lab experiments,a new additive for the fuelization of oily sludge was developed,which could deal with various kinds of oily sludge in the petroleum and petrochemical industry.The new additive can make the oily sludge demulsification fast and the dehydrated sludge nonadherent and nonlumping,which can burn easily or combust with fire coal.After burning,the ash of the dry oily sludge and the exhaust gas from the mix-combustion boiler both meet the requirement of related emission standards of our country,and the waste as well as the emission would not cause other environment problems.Therefore,it realizes the target of harmless treatment and re-utilization of the oily sludge.