社区老年慢性病患者配偶照顾压力的调查及护理干预

Investigation on the caring pressure of the spouses of patients on the aged chronic disease and the corresponding nursing intervention

目的分析老年慢性病患者配偶的照顾压力现状及其对配偶健康状况的影响，探讨减轻配偶压力的护理干预。方法采用照顾者压力量表（CSI）中文版、医院用焦虑抑郁量表（HAD）对济宁市区内已确诊的536例社区居家老年慢性病患者及其配偶进行入户问卷调查。结果社区居家老年慢性病患者配偶有照顾压力者（CSI总分≥7分）342名占63．8％。36．8％的配偶肯定有焦虑，29．3％的配偶肯定有抑郁。结论社区居家老年慢性病患者配偶身体、社交的压力最大，其次是经济压力、心理压力。照顾压力使患者配偶产生焦虑、抑郁症状，使老年慢性病患者配偶自我感觉身体健康状况变差。护理人员可以通过评估老年慢性病患者配偶的压力和需求，给予相应的护理干预，减轻老年慢性病患者配偶的压力。

Objective To find out the caring pressure of the spouses of patients on the aged chronic disease and its influence on the spouses＇ health status and to explore the nursing intervention to relieve the pressure of spouses. Methods A total 536 spouses of aged chronic patients were investigated with the selfdesigned questionnaire, Caregiver Strain Index （CSI）, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression （HAD）. Results There were 342 cases who gained 7 scores or more by CSI, being 63.8%. There were 36.8% of spouses who had anxiety and 29.3% of spouses who had depression by HAD. Conclusions Physical and social strains are the most important pressure of spouses of patients on the aged chronic disease in home, followed by work strain and financial strain. The psychological strain of spouses was relatively lower. Caring pressure makes the spouses of patients have anxiety and depression symptoms, and makes their health self-evaluation worse. Corresponding nursing interventions should be given to relieve the pressure of spouses of the aged chronic disease.