铜绿山Ⅵ矿体古代冰钢渣的熔炼过程

STUDY ON SMELTING OF ANCIENT MATTE IN TONGLUSHAN

本文根据地质文献和考古发掘资料以及冰铜冶炼机理，特别是其含氧化亚铁量比其它遗址的炉渣高１０％的事实，认定铜绿山ⅩⅠ矿体古代炉渣所冶炼的品位为６５％的冰铜是该矿体上层氧化带下部的含黄铁矿较高的铜硫矿石直接入炉的熔炼产物，所使用的冶炼方法属于“硫化矿－冰铜－铜”原则工艺．

The slag from the surface of XI ore-body in Tonglushan has been identified as the matte contained about65% Cu. Calculation points that any kind of ore with the Cu/S ratio = 1.7 ~ 2.3 could be smelt to obtainthe matte when the desulpurizing late of the smelting was 20%--40%. So what kind of ores was used andhow it was smelt in antiquity need to discuss.The geological reports showed there was a very special ore contained high pyrite in the bottom of theoxide belt of XI ore-body in Tonglushan. The archaeological reports showed that the ancient miner had abilityto dig this kind of ores by underground mining. The analyses showed that FeO content of the slag fromthe surface of XI ore-body was about 10% higher than other slag. Those three facts suggest forcefully that itis pyrite that supplies sulfur to the matte and Fed to the slag through the following reactions: 2FeS2=2FEs+S2 and FeS +Cu2O=FeO+Cu2S.