中枢神经系统中GABA_A受体的亚单位组合

Subunits Combination of GABA_A Receptor in Central Nervous System

分子生物学研究阐明中枢神经系统中抑制性神经递质γ-氨基丁酸 A 型(GABA_A)受体由不同的蛋白质亚单位组合构成。至今,15种亚单位,即6种α-(α_1-α_6)、3种β-(β_1-β_3)、3种γ-(γ_1-γ_3)、1种δ和2种ρ-(ρ_1-ρ_2)已被克隆和定序,而且还发现存在2种γ_2-(γ_(2S)和γ_(2L))、2种β_4-及γ_4-亚单位形式。每个亚单位由位于不同染色体上的不同的基因编码,它们在脑中具有不同的而又可交叉的区域分布。不同区域的由不同亚单位组合的 GABA_A 受体具有不同的药理学和生理学特征。

Molecular biological studies elucidate the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA_A receptor consists of different protein subunits in central nervous system.So far 15 subunits,i.e.6α-(α_1-α_6),3β-(β_1-β_3),3γ-(γ_1-γ_3),1δ-and 2ρ(ρ_1 and ρ_2),have been cloned and sequenced.In addition,2γ_2-(γ_(2S) and β_(2L)),2β_4- and γ_4-subunits have been identified.Each of these subunits is encoded by a separate gene,and the various genes encoding for the individ- ual subunits cluster on different chromosomes.They have different and alternative regional distribution in the brain.In different brain regions,GABA_A receptor consisting of different subunits have different pharmacological and physiological properties.