孕妇的依恋类型与焦虑状况分析

Analysis on the attachment types and anxiety status of pregnant women

目的:探讨孕妇的依恋类型、焦虑状况以及两者之间的关系。方法:采用关系问卷(RQ)和亲密关系经历量表(ECR)中文版以及状态-特质量表(STAI),对776名孕妇进行问卷调查。结果:①孕妇的依恋类型分布情况是:安全型(64.57%)、轻视型(17.25%)、倾注型(14.44%)、害怕型(3.74%);②在状态焦虑得分上,安全型孕妇(34.81±8.41)分,轻视型孕妇(39.49±9.35)分,倾注型孕妇(40.87±8.51)分,害怕型孕妇(44.39±9.26)分,安全型孕妇得分显著低于其他4种类型孕妇。在特质焦虑得分上,安全型显著低于轻视型、倾注型和害怕型。③依恋回避与状态焦虑(r=0.409,P<0.01)及特质焦虑(r=0.383,P<0.01)存在显著的正相关性。④依恋焦虑与状态焦虑(r=0.223,P<0.01)及特质焦虑(r=0.306,P<0.01)存在显著的正相关。结论:安全型孕妇焦虑水平最低。依恋回避、依恋焦虑与状态焦虑及特质焦虑呈正相关关系。

Objective：To explore the attachment types and anxiety status of pregnant women and analyze the relationship between the attachment types and anxiety status.Methods：Relationship Questionnaire（RQ）,Experiences in Close Relationship Inventory（ECR）,State and Trait Anxiety Inventory（STAI） were used to survey 776 pregnant women.Results：The distribution of attachment types of pregnant women：secure attachment（64.57%）,disparaging attachment（17.25%）,preoccupied attachment（14.44%）,fearful attachment（3.74%）;the scores of state anxiety：secure attachment（34.81±8.41）,disparaging attachment（39.49±9.35）,preoccupied attachment（40.87±8.51）,fearful attachment（44.39±9.26）,the score of state anxiety of pregnant women with secure attachment was significantly lower than those of pregnant women with other kinds of attachment types.The score of trait anxiety of pregnant women with secure attachment was significantly lower than those of pregnant women with disparaging attachment,preoccupied attachment and fearful attachment.Attachment avoidance was positively correlated with state anxiety（γ=0.409,P〈0.01） and trait anxiety（γ=0.383,P〈0.01）.There was a positive correlation between attachment anxiety and state anxiety（γ=0.223,P〈0.01） and trait anxiety（γ=0.306,P〈0.01）.Conclusion：The level of anxiety of pregnant women with secure attachment is the lowest.There is a positive correlation between attachment avoidance,attachment anxiety and state anxiety,trait anxiety.