高校幼儿园学龄前儿童龋齿调查分析及防治现状

Investigation and analysis on decayed teeth of preschool children in university kindergartens and the current situations of prevention and treatment

目的:了解某高校幼儿园儿童乳牙患龋情况。方法:调查两所高校幼儿园1 126名在园儿童乳牙患龋情况,并对患龋率进行比较。结果:两所高校幼儿园儿童乳牙患龋率为43.34%,男童患龋率为42.40%,女童患龋率为44.40%,男女童患龋率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。≥3岁组患龋率最低(32.05%),≥5岁组患龋率最高(54.43%),不同年龄组儿童患龋率与年龄呈正相关(P<0.05)。对≥4岁组和≥5岁组789名儿童进行统计调查,其中273名接受了乳磨牙窝沟封闭防龋治疗,患龋率为27.84%(76/273),516名未进行乳磨牙窝沟封闭防龋治疗,患龋率为58.91%(304/516),行窝沟封闭的儿童患龋率低于未行窝沟封闭术者,两者相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:两所高校幼儿园儿童患龋率较全国平均水平低,窝沟封闭的防龋效果肯定,是儿童重要龋病预防措施。应加强儿童口腔健康教育宣传,坚持做到早预防,早发现,早治疗,降低儿童患龋率。

Objective： To understand the situation of decayed teeth of preschool children in university kindergartens. Methods： The condition of decayed teeth of 1 126 children from two university kindergartens were surveyed, then the incidences of decayed teeth were compared. Results： In the two university kindergartens, the incidence of decayed teeth of children was 43.34%, the incidence of decayed teeth of boys was 42. 40%, and the incidence of decayed teeth of girls was 44.40% , there was no significant difference between boys and girls （P 〉0. 05） . The incidence of decayed teeth in ≥3 - year old group was the lowest （32. 05% ）, while the incidence of decayed teeth in ≥5 -year old group was the highest （54.43%） , there was a positive correlation between the incidence of decayed teeth and age （P 〈 0. 05） . 789 children in ≥4 - year old group and ≥5 - year old group were investigated statistically, and 273 children received pit and fissure sealant of primary molars, the incidence of decayed teeth was 27. 84% （76/273） ; 516 children didnt receive pit and fissure sealant of primary molars, the incidence of decayed teeth was 5g. 91% （304/516）, there was significant difference in incidence of decayed teeth between the two groups （P 〈0.05） . Conclusion： The incidence of decayed teeth of preschool children in the two university kindergartens is lower than the national average level. The anticarious effect of pit and fissure sealant is good, pit and fissure sealant is an important preven- tive measure of severe dental caries. The education and publicity of oral health of children should be enhanced, early prevention, early detection and early treatment should be insisted in order to reduce the incidence of decayed teeth.