上善若水 下愚如火——刘完素著作中蕴涵的心理学思想

Sublime Virtue as Water and Worst Evil as Fire:Psychological Thoughts from LIU Wan-su Works

"致知在格物,物格而后知至",刘完素的医学哲学思想吸收了这些积极的认识论成果。其学术思想除受到《素问》"病机十九条"中有关火热论述的启发外,还源于道家思想形成的"水善火恶"的自然观。刘完素在其著述中说:"夫水数一,道近而善;火数二,道远而恶"。水清明而火昏浊,故"上善若水,下愚如火"。"火上有水制之,则为‘既济’;水在火下,不能制火,为‘未济’也。是故知水善火恶也。"刘完素在阐发《素问》"病机十九条"时,用阴阳五行学说中"亢害承制"理论,详尽地描述了异常的心身现象,扩大了对心理病机的论述,从而发展了心理疾病的论治。

＂Due to known in the world,from cell then known the truth＂,the medical philosophy of Liu Wan-su assimilates these positivesummaries of epistemology.In addition to the inspiration of the points of hot deals of the ＂pathogenesis item 19＂ in Su Wen,his academic thoughts had also stemed from the naturalism of ＂water good fire evil＂ formed by Taoism Liu Wan-su said in his writings： ＂A number of Ⅰ water,road near good;the number of fire II,road,distant and evil＂.Water is clear while the fire is muddy,so there is a conclusion： ＂The highest good is like water,the worst evil is like fire ＂.If the fire is above the fire,the fire can be controlled,otherwise,it is out of control.Liu,in the description of pathogenesis item 19＂ In Su Wen,with the five elements theory of negative and positive as well as ＂harmful hyperactivity and responding inhibition theory,has put forward a detailed description of the psychosomatic abnormal phenomenon and expanded the discussion of mental disease,thus developing the treatment of mental illness.