教育问责背景下学生学业评测的进展

Student Assessment:Current Status and Implication

近年来,教育问责背景下学生学业评测作为教育改革与发展的重要内容备受人们关注。学业评测主要在三个领域得到了广泛的发展:在监测教育质量的宏观层面,为了扩大考查范围或测试覆盖面,同时缩短被试的测试时间,包含矩阵取样设计、测验等值技术的大尺度学业测评的新技术广泛应用在教育质量监测的实践当中;在对学校效能进行评价的中观层面,使用发展性评价方法如增值性评价,用学生多次考试成绩的追踪数据来评价学校的教育情况,不仅能够更合理地评价学校和教师的工作,也使学生的成长和发展更加受到关注;在促进学生学业发展的微观层面,"为了学习的评价"理念和认知诊断技术的发展使得测验对教学反馈作用得以显现和发展。当前学业评测的新理念、新技术和新实践,要求教育部门和教育工作者只有重视测量与评价技术、改变考试观念,才能更好的使学业评测工作服务于教育事业的发展。

Student assessment,as an important part of educational reform and development,has drawn much attention in recent years.It is currently making great progress in mainly three areas.The first is the area of the monitoring of the quality of education,where new technologies of large-scale student assessment,such as the design of matrix sampling and the measurement of equating,are widely employed in monitoring of the quality of education with an aim of enlarging the scale of assessment and cutting the test time of the subjects.The second is that of the assessment of school efficiency,where process assessment,in particular the Value-Added Assessment,is used and the longitudinal data of several examinations of the same students are adopted to evaluate a certain school,which can not only help assess the school and the teachers rationally,but also draw more attention to students＇ development.And the third is that of student development,where the concept of assessment for learning and cognitive diagnosis have boosted the development of testing in teaching feedback.The present paper,by analyzing the new concepts,new technologies and new practices in student assessment,argues that student assessment cannot contribute to the development of education until much attention is paid to testing and assessment technologies and testing concepts.