何谓“认同行动”?——规范伦理学的一种拓展性分析

What Is Identity Action? A Development Analysis of Normative Philosophy

规范伦理学视野中的"认同"意味着行动的"合道德"理由;但是,这还不能达成道德行动的行为动机与辩护理由之间的统一,所以,美德伦理指出"道德理论与道德生活"之间的不和谐。本文试图通过对"认同行动"的拓展性分析,在以"行动者(Agent)"为中心的规范伦理学结构框架中解决这一"内在矛盾"问题。具体指出:"认同"是指称行动者的道德意向行动;而"行动"意味着行动者"个体认同"的伦理性现实。在此基础之上,"消极的"与"积极的"两种认同行动的区分,意味着现代世界中"伦理认同"可行性形态的道德哲学基础转变。因而,行动者的"认同行动"内蕴于规范伦理学的结构之中,拓展了伦理的"规范性"空间,并且一定程度上纠正了德性伦理的传统世界与现代性之间的混淆。

＂Identity＂ in normative ethics means the action to reason（Parfit）.However,this has not been able to achieve a unification of moral action motive with the advocacy of moral reason.Virtue ethics therefore points out the disharmonious fact between ＂moral theory and good life＂.This essay makes a development analysis of identity action to resolve this internal problem against the framework of normative ethics centered on ＂agent＂.It specifies that identity should be the action led up to the moral intention of the agent and ＂action＂ stands for the ethical reality of the ＂personal identity＂ of the agent.Accor-dingly,the distinction between positive and negative identity action points to the change of basis in the moral philosophy concerning the feasibility form of ethical identity in the modern world.Therefore,the identity action of the agent is conceived in the structure of normative ethics,a suggestion that can expand the research space of the ＂normativeness＂ of ethics and hence rectify the confusion between the traditional world and modernity of virtual ethics.