合作进化的研究进展

Review on the Evolution of Cooperation

阐述了合作的进化对于理解生物（包括人类自身）组织行为的重要性．合作的进化描述了生物行为策略的选择过程，互相剥夺还是互相合作．在理论模型中则取决于作用双方再次相遇的概率（即未来贴现）、环境噪声的大小、人口的结构特征、对策的发生机制等因素．较优的策略能在长期内获得较高的支付值，表征了个体对环境的适应性，体现了自然选择的结果．同时探讨了进化策略的稳定性，以及由Ｎｏｗａｋ

Iterated prisoner's dilemma has been widely used as a standard metaphor for studying the evolution of cooperation among biological societies. Theoretic and empirical developments since Axelrod's earlier argument of cooperation based on reciprocity were reviewed in this article, which including discussion of the role of shadow of the future, noise, population structure, number of players, and game decision mechanisms. Particular attention was paid to the research work on the evolutionary stable strategies and the spatial game dynamics proposed by Nowak.