成都市农村新型社区卫生状况及居民健康相关行为调查

Survey on Sanitation of New Type Rural Community and Health Behavior of Residents in Chengdu

目的评估成都市农村新型社区饮用水、环境卫生、卫生服务现况及居民入住前后生活方式的变化等。方法2007-2009年,整群抽样选取20个农村新型社区和12个普通农村社区,对548位居民进行问卷调查,对20位居民进行深入访谈。调查内容包括环境卫生现况、饮用水检测、卫生服务可及性和健康相关行为等。结果调查的农村新型社区中90%的社区采用集中式供水,93.10%的水样达标,95%的社区修建化粪池和排污管网,均建立生活垃圾收运系统,距最近的医疗机构平均步行时间由入住前的22 min缩短至8 min。农村新型社区居民健康相关行为率5项高于普通农村居民(P<0.05)。结论成都市农村新型社区环境卫生和饮用水安全、卫生服务可及性和居民健康行为均较高,但仍有少数分散式供水、卫生安全风险和居民健康意识差等问题。

Objective To evaluate the drinking water quality,environmental health,health service and the change of residents＇ life behavior in new type rural communities in Chengdu.Methods From 2007 to 2009,20 new type rural communities and 12 common rural communities were selected by cluster sampling,548 residents received questionnaire survey and 12 residents were interviewed to collect the information about environmental health,accessibility of health service and health behavior.Results In new type rural communities surveyed,90% of the communities had set up the centralized water supply system,93.10% of drinking water samples had reached the standard,95% of the communities had set up septic-tank and domestic sewage disposal pipes,100% of the communities had established the waste collection and transport system,the walking time to the nearest medical institutions had decreased from 22 to 8 minutes compared with that before the building of the community.Five indicators about the residents＇ health behavior in new type rural communities were higher than those in common rural communities（P0.05）.Conclusion The environmental health statues,drinking water quality,accessibility of health service and health behavior had been improved since the construction of new type rural community,but problems still existed,such as non 100% centralized water supply,health and safety risks and low level of public health awareness.