工业废水毒性鉴定评价方法体系的建议及其应用示例

Toxicity identification and evaluation methodology proposed for various industrial effluents and its practical application

工业废水是自然环境中毒害污染物的主要来源,对其进行毒性鉴定和评价,是废水毒性管控的基础。我国目前仍缺乏规范的工业废水毒性鉴定和评价体系,本文针对这一状况,综述了美国环保局颁布的废水毒性鉴定评价(TIE)指南和欧盟采用的效应导向分析(EDA)方法,提出了结合TIE方法和EDA方法的优点建立工业废水毒性鉴定评价方法体系的建议,并选取珠三角地区电镀废水作为该体系的应用示例,采用发光菌和重组基因酵母菌进行快速毒性测试,并结合化学分析方法,确定电镀行业废水毒性主要来源于金属Cu和壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚类有机物。

Effluents from various industries are the main sources of toxic pollutants in the environment.Toxicity identification and evaluations（TIE） for industrial effluents could be used as the basis for control of toxic contaminants.However,TIE procedures for industrial effluents have not officially been established in China so far.The objective of this paper was to review the guideline of methods for aquatic toxicity identification evaluations（TIE） from United States Environmental Protection Agency and methods for effect-directed analysis（EDA） used in European Union.Then we proposed toxicity identification and evaluation methodology for industrial effluents in China,which was established by combing the TIE and EDA methods.The proposed procedures were applied in toxicity identification of a typical IT wastewater effluent from the Pearl River Delta region.Rapid luminescent bacteria bioassay and recombinant yeast estrogen bioassay were used as toxicity screening methods of the IT effluents.The potential toxicants were determined by chemicals analysis.Based on combined bioassays and chemical analysis,the toxicity of IT effluents was confirmed to be mainly caused by inorganic substance of copper ion and organic substance of nonylphenol ethoxylates.