焚烧源二噁英的排放对周边土壤和植被污染的研究进展

Current research progress on the pollution of dioxins from incineration plant to its ambient soil and vegetation

经济的飞速发展和城市化进程的加快,带来了严重的生活垃圾负荷问题。垃圾焚烧技术因其具有减容化、无害化和资源化的优点,成为当今国际社会生活垃圾处理的主要技术之一。然而由于人们对于垃圾焚烧源可能产生的二噁英污染问题缺乏一个全面的认识,使得垃圾焚烧厂的建立遭到了民众的强烈反对,成为影响社会和谐稳定的因素;因此,需要对垃圾焚烧源二噁英的排放对周边土壤和植被的污染状况进行综述,对于解决老百姓对于垃圾焚烧二噁英污染的争议有巨大的现实意义。对近年来国内外学者在相关方面的研究进行了详细地综述,结果发现:国内已开展的研究仅限于二噁英对焚烧厂周边土壤的污染调查,而对于焚烧源二噁英对植被及农作物的污染的研究数据非常匮乏;而国外学者已开展的垃圾焚烧厂周边土壤和植被中二噁英污染的调查研究只是停留在二噁英在土壤和植被中总浓度的研究基础上,而对于不同二噁英同族物在焚烧厂附近土壤和植被中的分布特征和蓄积规律方面的研究比较缺乏,尤其是在其他污染源如废弃物的露天燃烧、交通等协同作用下,垃圾焚烧对二噁英污染贡献率的研究比较少,对于垃圾焚烧厂二噁英污染的控制没有起到直观的指导作用。本文指出今后的研究应加强对二噁英在焚烧厂周边土壤和植被中分布特征和蓄积规律研究,这对于焚烧源二噁英的污染防治以及对已被二噁英污染的土壤和植被的生态修复具有重要的意义。

With the rapid development of economy and accelerating urbanization,the load problem of solid wastes in our country becomes more and more serious.Incineration technology is one of the mostly used disposal technology in the word because of its numerous advantages such as significant volume reduction,complete disinfection and energy recovery.However,the construction of solid wastes incineration plant was intensively opposed by people at home because of lacking of a comprehensive understanding of possible dioxin pollution from incineration plants.Therefore,it is needed to summarize the pollution status of dioxins from incineration plant to its ambient soil and vegetation in recent decades.In this paper,the current studies on the pollution of soil and vegetation around incineration plants caused by the emission of dioxins were reviewed.The results showed that most researches in China were mainly confined to the soil pollution of dioxins,while researches on the pollution of vegetation and crops around incineration plant caused by dioxins were seldom conducted.Meanwhile,most researches at abroad mainly focus on the total concentrations in the soil and vegetation,while the distribution and accumulation rules of different dioxin isomers in soil and vegetation are not adequate,especially the contribution ratio of solid waste incinerators to the dioxins pollution under the synergistic effect of open burning of wastes and traffics is seldom investigated.This study pointed out that the pollution characteristics of dioxins in the soil around incineration plant,especially the distribution and accumulation rule of dioxins in soil and vegetation should be strengthened in future.This is significant to control the emission of dioxins and to remediate contaminated soil and vegetation around of incineration sites.