基于生态保护的道路规划策略

Strategies of road planning based on ecological conservation

分析了路段与景观两个尺度上的道路生态环境影响,结合当今景观生态学、道路生态学的研究成果,系统论述了与道路交通规划建设相关的生态策略:(1)在区域尺度上,依据生态敏感度规划路网密度、保持大型自然空间的生态完整性、提倡非生态敏感地段的交通集中、增加路网的区域水平渗透性;(2)在路段规模上,自然空间的生境避让、保持重要地段的自然连续性、打破交通生态瓶颈、减少道路交通的环境影响、补偿道路建设的生态影响等。这些策略旨在为可持续道路交通提供基于生态合理性的规划原则与方法。

Road ecological impacts are analyzed at both scales of road sector and regional landscapes.Several ecological strategies related to road traffic planning and constructions are proposed on the basis of the current researches in landscape and road ecology.Included are：（1）At regional scale,planning the road network density based on the ecological sensitivity,maintaining the ecological integrity of the large-scale natural spaces,promoting the traffic concentration on the non-ecologically sensitive areas,increasing the regional horizontal-permeability of road networks;（2）At the road section scale,setting the natural space habitats avoidance,maintaining the continuity of important natural sites,breaking the traffic ecological bottleneck,reducing the environmental impact of road traffic,and taking compensation of the ecological impacts of road construction.These strategies aim to provide some principles and methods for the sustainable road traffic planning which are based on the ecological rationality and in favor of biodiversity conservation.