黄河流域水生态现状与气候变化适应性对策

Present Status of Water Ecology and Countermeasures for Adaptability of Climate Change of the Yellow River Basin

黄河源区草场和湿地严重退化,沿河不少湿地出现逆向演替现象,近30 a来干流与河口地区鱼类组成与数量急剧减少。预计气候变化条件下流域水循环过程的改变将进一步加剧水生态退化的趋势。针对黄河水生态现状,结合气候变化的可能影响,围绕黄河河流生态系统良性维持的关键生境和敏感因子,提出黄河水生态系统良性维持的适应性对策:确保重点生态单元用水,实施黄河湿地生态保护和生态修复工程,加强水生态监测、水生态保护与修复基础研究等。

The pastureland and wetland of the headwater region of the Yellow River degenerate severely,large numbers of wetlands have shown reverse succession along the river and the composition and quantity of fish in the main river and estuarine region have been sharply reduced in the last 30 years.It is expected that the process of water circulation of the basin will further worse the tendency of water ecological degeneration under the conditions of climate change.The paper puts forward the following countermeasures of adaptability for fairly keeping the water ecological system of the river by taking into consideration of present status of water ecology of the river,combining with the probable effect of climate change and centering on key habitat and sensitive factors for fairly keeping the water ecological system of the river: a) ensuring the water use for key ecological element;b) carrying out wetland ecological protection and rehabilitation projects of the river and;c) strengthening basic study on water ecological monitoring,protection and rehabilitation.