光电倍增管的特性、结构及选取考虑

Properties, Structures and choosing Consideration for Photomultiplier Tubes

光电倍增管（ＰＭＴ）的独特优点，尤其是它极高的光探测灵敏度、低噪声和大的光敏区面积，使它作为高技术测量设备中的首选先传感器，近年来得到了快速发展和广泛的应用。本文在简要地介绍了ＰＭＴ特性及工作原理的基础上，从如何选择和应用ＰＭＴ的角度，论述了几种新型ＰＭＴ打拿极结构与它们的应用领域，对ＰＭＴ光阴极类型、位置敏感ＰＭＴ以及ＰＭＴ的某些重要参数也进行了讨论。

The particular merits of photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), especially high-end sensitivity for lightdetection, lower noise and large active area, make them to be developed rapidly and used widely as a light sensorchosen firstly in the application of high-technology measurement devices in the recent years. Based on a brief introduction for properties and operation principle of PMTs, some dynode structures and choosing considerationsduring application are presented. Two types of photocathode, position-sensitive PMTs and some parameters ofPMTs also discussed.