近代农业转型与自开商埠研究——从农史视角分析

On the Relationship between Transformations of Modern Agriculture and the Self-established Ports——Analysis from the Perspective of Agricultural History

自开商埠是近代中国自主开放的国际贸易口岸,农业转型对其兴起发挥着重要推动作用。其中,农业生产由自给生产转向商品生产,积聚了相当数量的农副产品,这为自开商埠提供充足的贸易商品;重农意识由农本思想拓展到农商思想,积极主张开埠通商发展自主外贸,这为自开商埠提供通商思想支撑;而农业赋税在财政收入中的比重急剧下降,凸显关税是政府收入重要来源,推动国用匮绌的清政府下诏开埠通商以保国家财源,这为自开商埠奠定坚实的政策基石。

Self-established ports were these international trading ports that were opened by modern China independently,in the promotion of which the transformation of agriculture played an important role.Among them,agricultural production had been transformed from subsistence production to commodity production,thus accumulating a considerable number of agricultural products,which provided the adequate trade goods for the self-established trading ports.The concept of the priority of agriculture had been extended from emphasis on agriculture to that on commerce,actively advocating independent trades with foreign nations,which provided the ideological support for self-established trading ports.Moreover,due to the sharp decline of agricultural tax in proportion of fiscal revenue,tariff was highlighted as an important source of government revenue,promoting the impoverished government of late Qing Dynasty to open commercial ports in order to protect national financial resources,which laid a solid policy foundation for the self-established trading ports.