黔东南苗族习惯法及其对生物多样性保护的作用

Customary law and its Roles in Biodiversity Conservation for the Miao People in Southeastern of Guizhou Province,China

习惯法对生物多样性保护和可持续利用的影响,是国际研究的热点议题.本文对贵州省黔东南地区四个苗族村寨与生物多样性保护及可持续利用相关的习惯法进行了田野调查,对集体林和私有林进行了样带调查.调查结果显示:苗族村规民约对当地的山林树木、动植物资源、稻田和农作物的保护与管理具有积极的促进作用,对山林火灾防治具有重要作用.通过苗族习惯法与国家法律的差异与互补分析,本文建议采取国家法与习惯法相互融合和协调的方式,促进苗族习惯法的保护、传承与发展,以此促进民族地区生物资源和生物多样性的保护与可持续利用.

Customary law has great effect on conservation and sustainable utilization of biodiversity,which has become an international hot-spot.The customary law of Miao People preserves Miao communitiessocial order,protects biodiversity and ecological environment and promotes the sustainable utilization of natural resources.Based on field investigation in the four Miao villages in Southeast of Guizhou Province,the data collection of research of customary law for Miao Ethnic People was conducted in the local areas.By data analysis,this paper demonstrates that Miao people protect and manage the forest,rice field,crops and biological resources by the regulations of customary law,and it also plays a important role in preventing mountain fire.This paper also suggests that in order to promote the heritance and development of customary law,more attentions should be paid to combination and coordination between national law and customary law when policy making for the ethnic minority people.