老年人术后认知功能障碍的影响因素和预防

Impact Facts and Prophylaxis of Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction in the Elderly

人口老龄化问题日趋严重,老龄社会已悄然到来,老年人手术,术前、术中、术后都有其独特性,如何避免或者减少手术后并发症的发生,尤其是预防严重并发症的发生意义重大。笔者从老年人生理改变,老年人术后认知功能障碍(postoperative cognitive disorder,POCD)的影响因素以及手术前、手术中(麻醉期)、手术恢复期等阶段说明如何预防POCD的发生。对临床麻醉工作有指导意义,避免POCD的发生对家庭,对社会都有积极的意义。

The problems associated with an aging population are intensifying. An aged population has quietly arrived along with surgeries on them that have preoperative, intra--operative and postoperative issues. Each has its individual concerns such as how to avoid or reduce the incidence of complications after surgery, especially to prevent serious complications. The elderly have physiological changes and special attention needs to be paid before the operation, during surgery （anesthesia phase）, and during surgical convalescence. Of particular concern is preventing the occurrence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction （POCD）. For clinical anesthesia work, it is significant to avoid the occurrence of POCD for the patient, the family, and society. Avoiding POCD has a positive impact.