1BL.1RS易位系对小麦籽粒性状的遗传效应分析

Analyses of genetic effect of 1BL.1RS translocation on kernel traits in common wheat

【目的】研究1BL.1RS易位对小麦籽粒特征的影响及其遗传效应,为小麦籽粒性状的遗传改良提供理论依据。【方法】以豫麦49/周麦16杂交后代的176个F5重组自交系为材料,于2008-2010年连续2年对籽粒性状进行分析,并结合SSR和STS标记对1BL.1RS染色体进行籽粒性状的QTL检测。【结果】小麦籽粒性状中粒长和密度因子主要受基因型影响,千粒质量、粒宽、周长、面积及形态因子等性状受基因型和环境及其互作的影响较大,1BL.1RS易位能显著提高千粒质量、粒长、粒宽、周长和面积,但对形态因子和密度因子影响不显著。千粒质量与粒长、粒宽和密度因子均呈极显著偏正相关;而粒长和粒宽呈极显著偏负相关。位于1BL.1RS染色体短臂上的HVM20-AF1/AF4标记区间携带有控制千粒质量、粒宽和面积的QTL,可解释17.2%～21.0%的表型变异;AF1/AF4-Xg-wm582标记区间存在有控制粒长和周长的QTL,分别解释21.5%和14.9%的表型变异;与Nor-4紧密连锁的形态因子QTL可解释12.2%的表型变异,受环境影响较大。【结论】1RS携带有提高千粒质量、粒长、粒宽、周长、面积及形态因子的QTL,通过分子标记跟踪选择1BL.1RS易位系可有效改良小麦籽粒性状,进而提高千粒质量和产量。

【Objective】 The 1BL.1RS translocation has been used extensively for improving yield traits in wheat breeding program.Understanding the genetic effect of 1BL.1RS translocation on kernel traits will be very useful for improving kernel traits.【Method】 176 recombinant inbred lines（RILs） derived from a cross between Yumai 49/Zhoumai 16（1BL.1RS） grown in two crop seasons were to map the quantitative trait loci（QTLs） for kernel traits on 1BL.1RS chromosome.【Result】 Kernel length and form-density factor were mainly affected by the genotype of varieties,but thousand kernel weight,kernel width,kernel perimeter,kernel area,and shape factor were significantly affected by genotype,environment,and the interaction between genotype and environment.The 1BL.1RS translocation caused a significant increase in thousand kernel weight,kernel length,kernel width,kernel perimeter,and area,whereas no significant difference were observed in shape factor,and form-density factor.Thousand kernel weight was positively partial correlated with kernel length,width,and form-density factor,whereas kernel length was negatively partial correlated with kernel width.On the short arm of 1BL.1RS chromosome,the putative QTLs for thousand kernel weight,kernel width and area were detected in the interval of HVM20-AF1/AF4 in two crop seasons,explained 17.2% to 21.0% of the phenotypic variance.QTLs for kernel length and perimeter were located in the interval of AF1/AF4-Xgwm582 across seasons,explained 21.5% and 14.9% of the phenotypic variance,respectively.Shape factor locus linked STS marker Nor-4 was identified in a crop season.【Conclusion】 Kernel weight,length,width,perimeter,area and shape factor genes were mapped on the 1RS arm of the 1BL.1RS chromosome.Combining the 1BL.1RS chromosome with suitable genetic background of common wheat and followed by molecular marker could be used for improving wheat kernel traits and grain yield.