双壳类分子生物标志物对海水重金属的响应评述

Response of Molecular Biomarkers in Bivalves to Heavy Metals in Seawater:A Review

海洋双壳类动物的组织和器官对微量重金属具有高富集能力,诱导机体内的某些分子生物标志物(molecular biomarkers,MBMs)发生变化,可用于指示海水中的重金属污染水平。近10年来,许多学者在双壳类MBMs对海水重金属的响应规律方面进行了研究,其中,金属硫蛋白(MTs)、热激蛋白70(HSP70)、抗氧化防御系统等受到了较多的关注。本文在介绍这些MBMs结构和功能的基础上,重点评述了各种MBMs对海水重金属的响应特征,并提出了影响双壳类MBMs应用于海水重金属监测的因素及进一步研究的方向。

In marine ecosystem, the bivalves show a high accumulation rate of trace heavy metals in their tissues, which induce the change of some molecular biomarkers （MBMs）. The determination of these MBMs may in turn indicate the pollution level of heavy metals in seawater. In recent ten years, many re- searchers have studied the responses of MBMs in marine bivalves to heavy metals. Metallothioneins （MTs）, heat shock protein70 （HSP70） and antioxidant defense system etc attract the most attention. In this paper, on the basis of introducing the structure and function of these MBMs, their response features to heavy metals are mainly reviewed, and the factors influencing the suitability of MBMs for heavy metals detection in seawater and the future research direction are also proposed.