长沙地区变应性鼻炎患者的变应原分布特点及结果分析

Prevalence of allergens for Changsha patients with allergic rhinitis

目的:通过对长沙地区变应性鼻炎患者进行过敏原检测及分析,筛查本地区常见过敏原,绘制本地区变应性鼻炎患者的变应原分布图,为合理防治变应性鼻炎提供统计学依据。方法:对1 437例疑似变应性鼻炎患者进行皮肤点刺试验,测定致敏变应原,并进行统计学分析。结果:1 437例疑似变应性鼻炎患者中898例(62.49%)有阳性反应,898例阳性患者中吸入性变应原阳性率依次为粉尘螨883例(98.33%)、屋尘螨849例(94.54%)、真菌Ⅱ173例(19.27%)和杂草165例(18.37%);食入组变应原以小虾318例(35.41%)为主;儿童期、青少年期和成年期点刺阳性患者中2种以上变应原呈阳性的比例依次为8.57%、18.04%、19.15%。结论:在长沙地区,导致变应性鼻炎的吸入性变应原中,屋尘螨、粉尘螨占据绝对的主导地位,应作为长沙地区的重点变应原开展变应性鼻炎的防治工作,尤其重视儿童变应性鼻炎的治疗。

Objective：To investigate the allergens in patients with allergic rhinitis,to find common allergens of Changsha and to provide statistic basis for a reasonable prevention and treatment.Method：The allergens in 1437 patients with a11ergic rhinitis in Changsha were detected by skin prick test.Result：Eight hundred and ninty-eight（62.49%）of 1 437 cases presented positive reaction.Among positive cases in inhalation group,the most common allergen was flour mite（98.33%）,then were house dust mite（94.54%）,mycetesⅡ（19.27%） and weed（18.37%）.Shrimp（35.41%） was the most common allergens in food group.And in childhood,adolescence and adulthood prick-positive cases,the ratio of more than 2 positive allergens were about 8.57%,18.04%,19.15%.Conclusion：The study shows that the flour mite and house dust mite are the most common allergens in Changsha.